The circuit power doesn’t matter for the example. I was just picking easy numbers. You can have the same problem as long as the rating of the extension cord is less than the circuit breaker. (And as you pointed that out this is a very common case due to the frequently low rating of extension cords.)

Yeah, there are two components here

1. Adding extra length.
2. Adding more outlets.

2 is the main problem, but you need a little of 1 to have it fail in an unsafe way (ie. not just tripping the circuit breaker).

If you just add a lot of extra outlets and plug lots of stuff in then you will simply trip the circuit breaker. (Assuming that everything is properly set up according to code.) In order to create a problem you need some extra wiring that is rated for less load than the wall wiring. (Now in practice every splitter has some amount of wiring, so these can be the same device, but most power bars are rated to be “fully used” or have a fuse internally). So the problem looks something like this:

1. Have a 20A wall circuit.
2. Plug a 10A extension cord into it.
3. Plug a power bar or other splitter into the extension cord.
4. Put enough devices into the splitter to generate 15A of current.

Now you are overloading the extension cord and risking fire.

Yes, you will have double heat output due to twice the resistance which causes twice the voltage drop and more or less the same current. But this heat output is spread across twice as much wire, so unless the extension cables are coiled together on the ground each will heat up the same amount as a single one would.

To clarify a bit, the benefit of the UK system isn’t the end device having a fuse, but the cable itself having a fuse.

In the US the setup would be something like

1. Wall has 20A wiring.
2. Electrical panel has 20A fuse to avoid the wire in the wall from overheating.
3. Extension cord is designed for 10A
4. You plug in 2 10A devices to the extension cord.
5. The wall wiring is fine, it can take 20A.
6. The circuit breaker doesn’t trip as it is also 20A.
7. The extension cord overheats and starts a fire.

In the UK the 10A extension cord will have its own 10A fuse in the plug. So when you turn on the two 10A devices the fuse in the extension cord will blow and prevent the extension cord from overheating.

But unless coiled up on the ground the longer cable also has more area to dissipate heat, so the longer cable doesn’t change anything here. The heat output will be consistent for any section of the cable no matter how much more cable there is on easier side of it.

The only think that the different resistance would affect is the voltage drop to the end device. But voltage drop varies wildly so you are unlikely to have a meaningful difference caused by a few extension cords (unless maybe you are already a bad case like an apartment building to start).

You could also just plug in the 10 amp cord and plug the device into it. The chaining doesn’t change anything here.

It completely depends on the context.

Ads can range from like 1 for relatively subtle ads that are separated from the content and have little to no tracking to 8 for ads that pop-up and obscure the content (I just go back when I see these).

CAPTCHAs can also range from like 3 for reasonable to complete puzzles put at reasonable locations (like signing up for a free account that may be used to spam or similar) to 9 when I have been a customer for 14 years and have purchased hundreds of dollars worth of stuff from the site and they slap them in random flows on the site when I am logged in.

I’ve started turning away from so many sites because they have a CAPTCHA. There are a few sites that are worth it enough to do demeaning work but as I get more fed up they get more rare.

Of course I probably show up as a “blocked threat” on these site’s dashboards. So they probably aren’t getting the message.

There are very few legitimate usage for CAPTCHAs, but fear mongering CAPTCHA services are trying to convince non-technical people that they are required.

The others have made great points about how any amount adds up. Especially with compounding.

But the most important reason me just be making it a habit. If you are saving $50/month you have a place to put your savings and an investment strategy for that money. The next time you get a pay raise or get rid of some recurring spend it will be natural to start saving $60/month, then $100 and more and more. It is much easier to improve an existing habit than starting a new one. So as soon as you have the chance start that got habit.

GMail could actually use more competitors. However I definitely won’t be trusting Musk with my email.

“Residential IPs” are quite valuable for web scraping. Many scraping prevention tools and services use the source IP as the primary metric. If you come from a public cloud provider like AWS, GCP or DigitalOcean you get blocked 99% of the time. If you come from a US residential ISP then you get much more relaxed screening.

require a separate device that looks like a calculator to use online banking

To be fair this actually provides a very high level of security? At least in my experience with AIB (in Ireland) you needed to enter the amount of the transactions and some other core details (maybe part of the recipient’s account number? can’t quite recall). Then you entered your PIN. This signed the transaction which provides very strong verification that you (via the PIN) authorize the specific transaction via a trusted device that is very unlikely to be compromised (unless you give someone physical access to it).

It is obviously quite inconvenient. But provides a huge level of security. Unlike this Safety Net crap which is currently quite easy to bypass.

which is supposed to enforce to run apps in secured phones

The point of the Google Play Integrity API is to ensure that the user is not in control of their phone, but that one of a small number of megacorps are in control.

Can the user pull their data out of apps? Not acceptable. Can the user access the app file itself? Not acceptable. Can the user modify apps? Not acceptable.

Basically it ensures that the user has no control over their own computing.

Most particularly they generally pretend that nothing on the web is encrypted whereas in practice HTTPS is nearly universal at this point.

NAT sort of accidentally includes what is called a “stateful firewall”. It blocks inbound connections because it doesn’t know where they should go. IPv6 eliminates the need for NAT but doesn’t prevent stateful firewalls. It is just as easy to implement stateful firewalls (actually a bit easier) for IPv6 without NAT. The difference is that the choice is yours, rather than being a technical limitation.

For example if I had a smart microwave I would want to ensure that there is some sort of firewall (or more likely for me not connect it to the internet at all, but I digress). However I may want my gaming computer to be directly accessible so that my friends can connect to my game without going through some third-party relay, or maybe my voice chat can be direct between me and my friends for extra privacy and better latency.

Also relying on network-level protection like this is a good idea in general. Eventually a friend is going to come over with an infected network and connect to your WiFi. With just NAT this will allow the malware on their computer to access your microwave as they are “inside the NAT”. If you were applying a proper stateful firewall you would likely apply it to all traffic, not just internet traffic.

Mostly dropping the analogy as it falls apart quickly once you try to talk about more specific details.

How do I handle whether I want my phone number to be known to the world?

If you don’t want people to be able to call you then you can block incoming calls. This is sort of the like IPv4 NAT case, people can’t connect in (unless you forward ports). Or if you want to you can allow incoming calls. The choice is up to you now rather than being forced by a technical limitation.

Does my phone number ever change on its own or can I freely change it?

Generally you will be provided a “prefix” by your ISP. In v4 this would typically be a full address. In v6 there are a huge number of addresses inside this prefix. In both cases how often the prefix chances is up to your ISP, but for v6 you can chance the suffix you use inside of the prefix as often as you want.

Who has the phone book?

There are two main parts of “the phone book”. There is “Who owns this address?” and “How do I get to this address?” Both of these are basically identical between IPv4 and IPv6.

For “Who owns this address?” there is a global directory of assignments. This is typically done in multiple layers.

1. The whole address space is split among reserved addresses and continental registries.
2. The continental registries distribute addresses to organizations or individuals.
3. The organizations and individuals distribute addresses to customers/devices.
4. This may continue, for example if your home internet connection is assigned multiple addresses (rare on v4, expected on v6) then you can assign addresses to devices in your house.

For “Who do I get to this address?” A protocol called BGP is used to advertise where an address is available from. So I may say “If you want to get to addresses 32 to 64 come talk to me”. This is sort of like in a hotel how there are signs saying which room numbers are in which direction. When two networks are connected they share this information between them to establish a “routing table”, so they know how to get to everywhere else on the internet.

This may look something like this:

1. Your laptop wants to talk to address 17. It has learned that addresses 1-8 are “local”, everything else goes out your home internet connection.
2. Your residential ISP is connected to 4 different other networks (likely a Tier 1 ISP), two of these have access to address 17, but one is “closer” so your ISP sends it there.
3. This tier 1 ISP knows that a network it is connected to serves addresses 16-32. (Maybe this is your friend’s residential ISP.) So it sends the traffic there.
4. Your friends residential ISP knows that addresses 16-20 are assigned to your friends house, so it sends the traffic there.
5. Your friends router knows that address 17 is their desktop, so it sends the traffic there.

Overall no single places knows how to get to every other address. But they know the best next step. So you don’t know where 17 is, but you know to send it to your ISP, your ISP doesn’t know where 17 is but knows that their partner tier 1 ISP knows how to get there, the tier 1 ISP doesn’t know where 17 is, but knows that it belongs to your friend’s ISP, your friends ISP doesn’t know what device 17 is, but knows that it is in your friends house, then finally your friends home router actually knows that 17 is your friends desktop.

You can sort of imagine this like delivering mail. If I send mail in Canada that is addressed to England, Canada Post doesn’t really care where exactly I am sending the letter. It just knows that it needs to forward it to Royal Mail and they will handle it from there.

I switched to Immich recently and am very happy.

1. Immich’s face detection is much better, very rarely fails. Especially for non-white faces. But even for white faces PhotoPrisim regularly needed me reviewing the unmatched faces. I also needed to really turn up the “what is a face” threshold because otherwise it would miss a ton of clear faces. (Then it only missed some, but also has tons of false positives). On the other hand Immich just works.
2. Immich’s UI is much nicer overall. Lots of small affordances. For example the menu item to “view in timeline” is worth switching alone. Also good riddance to PhotoPrism’s persistent and buggy selection. Someone must have worked really hard on implementing this but it was really just a bad idea.
3. Immich has an app with uploading, and it allows you to view local and uploaded photos in one interface which is a huge UX win. I couldn’t find a good Android app for uploading to photoprism. You could set up import delays and stuff but you would still regularly get partially uploaded files imported and have to clean it up manually.
4. Immich’s search by content is much better. For example searching for “cat with red and yellow ball” was useless on PhotoPrism, but I found tons of the results I was looking for on Immich.

The bad:

1. There is currently a terrible jank in the Immich app which makes videos unusable and everything painful. Apparently this is due to some Album sync process running in the main thread. They are working on it. I can’t fathom how a few hundred albums causes this much lag but 🤷 There is also even worse lag on the location view page, but at least that is just one page.
2. The Immich app has a lot less features than the website. But the website works very well on mobile so even just using the website (and the app for uploading) is better than PhotoPrism here. The fundamentals are good but it just needs more work.
3. I liked PhotoPrism’s advanced filters. They were very limited but at least they were there.
4. Not being able to sort search results by date is a huge usability issue. I often know roughly when the photo I want to find was taken and being able to order by date would be hugely helpful.
5. You have to eagerly transcode all videos. There is no way to clean up old transcodes and re-transcode on the fly. To be fair the PhotoPrism story also wasn’t great because you had to wait for the full video to be transcoded before starting, leading to a huge delay for videos more than a few seconds, but at least I could save a few hundred gigs of disk space.

Honestly a lot of stuff in PhotoPrism feels like one developer has a weird workflow and they optimized it for that. Most of them are counter to what I actually want to do (like automatic title and description generation, or the review stuff, or auto quality rating). Immich is very clearly inspired by Google Photos and takes a lot of things directly from it, but that matches my use case way better. (I was pretty happy with Google Photos until they started refusing to give access to the originals.)

Most Intel GPUs are great at transcoding. Reliable, widely supported and quite a bit of transcoding power for very little electrical power.

I think the main thing I would check is what formats are supported. If the other GPU can support newer formats like AV1 it may be worth it (if you want to store your videos in these more efficient formats or you have clients who can consume these formats and will appreciate the reduced bandwidth).

But overall I would say if you aren’t having any problems no need to bother. The onboard graphics are simple and efficient.

is framework agnostic

But it isn’t, because they depend on framer-motion and React. JSX is, but the icons aren’t.

You can trivially provide on-hover animations using CSS in SVG then your icons are framework agnostic. Not to mention smaller to download and more efficient to execute.

There are three parts to the whole push system.

1. A push protocol. You get a URL and post a message to it. That message is E2EE and gets delivered to the application.
2. A way to acquire that URL.
3. A way to respond to those notifications.

My point is that 1 is the core and already available across devices including over Google’s push notification system and making custom push servers is very easy. It would make sense to keep that interface, but provide alternatives to 2 and 3. This way browsers can use the JS API for 2 and 3, but other apps can use a different API. The push server and the app server can remain identical across browsers, apps and anything else. This provides compatibility with the currently reigning system, the ability to provide tiny shims for people who don’t want to self host and still maintains the option to fully self host as desired.