It’s also possible to have voltage issues on a device with multi-cell batteries.
My laptop charges on a type-C charger, but only if it can get 15+ volts. If it’s a 12V charger, that isn’t enough to push a charge into its battery. It will run on 12V but won’t charge at all, even if it’s off.
There’s no such thing as stopping processor degradation, it’s just that it usually takes so long that nobody cares anymore.